Propylene Glycol
Last updated: February 11, 2026
Table of Contents
Quick Summary
Propylene Glycol Synthetic liquid used as a humectant (moisture-retaining agent) in semi-moist dog food and treats. Keeps products soft and chewy.
What It Is
Synthetic liquid used as a humectant (moisture-retaining agent) in semi-moist dog food and treats. Keeps products soft and chewy.
Compare to Similar Ingredients
- vs. glycerin: Both are humectants used to retain moisture in semi-moist foods. Propylene glycol is a synthetic diol that's controversial in pet food, while glycerin (glycerol) is a natural sugar alcohol considered safer.
- vs. glycerin: Both are humectants for moisture retention. Propylene glycol is a synthetic chemical humectant, while sorbitol is a natural sugar alcohol from fruits with fewer safety concerns.
Why It's Used in Dog Products
Manufacturers include propylene glycol in dog food, treats, and supplements for several reasons:
- Retains moisture in semi-moist foods
- Prevents mold and bacterial growth
- Maintains soft, chewy texture
- Extends shelf life
Quality Considerations
When evaluating propylene glycol in dog products, it's important to understand functional purpose, safety testing, and nutritional contribution. This ingredient's quality and appropriateness can vary significantly based on sourcing, processing, and the specific formula it's used in.
FDA considers it safe for dogs in small amounts, but it's toxic to cats (causes Heinz body anemia). Linked to digestive upset in sensitive dogs. Used in semi-moist foods and treats—dry kibble doesn't need it. Natural alternatives like vegetable glycerin are preferable.
Potential Concerns
While propylene glycol can be appropriate in dog nutrition, pet owners should be aware of necessity, potential sensitivities, and whether it serves dogs or just appeals to humans. Individual dogs may respond differently to the same ingredient based on their health status, age, and sensitivities.
Unnecessary additive with potential side effects. While FDA-approved for dogs, it serves no nutritional purpose and may cause digestive issues. Premium brands avoid it. Never feed to cats—it's highly toxic.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is propylene glycol safe for dogs?
Propylene Glycol should be used with caution or avoided. FDA considers it safe for dogs in small amounts, but it's toxic to cats (causes Heinz body anemia). Linked to digestive upset in sensitive dogs. Used in semi-moist foods and treats—dry kibble doesn't need it. Natural alternatives like vegetable glycerin are preferable.
What does propylene glycol do in dog products?
Synthetic liquid used as a humectant (moisture-retaining agent) in semi-moist dog food and treats. Keeps products soft and chewy. Dog food manufacturers include this ingredient to provide retains moisture in semi-moist foods and provide prevents mold and bacterial growth.
Why is propylene glycol added to dog food?
Retains moisture in semi-moist foods While some additives serve important functional purposes (preservation, texture, stability), others are primarily for human appeal. Unnecessary additive with potential side effects. While FDA-approved for dogs, it serves no nutritional purpose and may cause digestive issues. Premium brands avoid it. Never feed to cats—it's highly toxic.
Are there natural alternatives to propylene glycol?
Many modern dog foods use natural alternatives like mixed tocopherols (vitamin E), rosemary extract, or citric acid instead of synthetic additives. Check ingredient labels for "preserved with..." statements to see which preservatives are used.
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